2 dead from Listeria-contaminated deli meat
Key Takeaways
A recent Listeria outbreak has caused illnesses in at least 13 states and resulted in two deaths.
Listeria outbreaks happen a few times per year, so vulnerable patients should learn to recognize the signs of listeriosis.
There are several steps people can take at home to reduce their risk of foodborne illness.
The CDC is investigating a recent spike in food poisoning traced to Listeria in deli meat. As of August 1, 2024, two deaths have been connected to the outbreak, along with 34 illnesses and 33 hospitalizations spanning 13 different states.[] The state of New York has the highest concentration of sicknesses, followed by Maryland.
No cases west of Minnesota have been identified at this time, but it’s possible that more infections will be identified in the weeks ahead.[] Here’s how you or your patients may be affected.
Recent Listeria outbreaks and outcomes
The current investigation began on July 19, 2024, and remains active and ongoing.[] While it’s impossible to project exactly how many people will be impacted, the number of reported illnesses is expected to grow as new cases are recorded.
In addition, not everyone gets sick from Listeria exposure, meaning anyone who doesn’t go to the hospital or get tested won’t be represented in the data. That means the actual scope is probably larger than it seems on paper.
Typically, listeriosis infects 1,600 people each year, killing 260 on average.[]
There have already been two other Listeria outbreaks this year. One in February, affecting 11 states, killing 2 people, and sickening 26. Of those 26 individuals, 23 required hospitalization. Queso fresco and cotija cheese were to blame for the February outbreak.[] Another, smaller outbreak in January was linked to peaches, plums, and nectarines. Cases were found in 7 states, resulting in 1 death, 11 illnesses, and 10 hospitalizations.[]
The current deli meat outbreak was sourced back to Boar’s Head Provisions Co.; specifically, ready-to-eat liverwurst products. The packaging reads: “Boar’s Head Strassburger Brand Liverwurst MADE IN VIRGINIA.” The company also recalled several other products (including different types of ham, bologna, salami, and bacon) that may have been contaminated in the production line, amounting to about 207,528 pounds of food.[]
Symptoms of listeriosis
The symptoms of listeriosis may start within a few hours of ingesting contaminated food. However, in severe cases, symptoms can take up to 3 months to show up.[] People who have a mild case of listeriosis may feel unwell for a few days. Their symptoms can include:
Achy muscles
Fever
Diarrhea
Nausea
Vomiting
In severe cases, symptoms can last several weeks and may include:
Confusion
Convulsions
Headaches
Loss of balance
Stiffness in the neck
Listeriosis may be fatal in vulnerable patients, such as those over age 65 and people with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems.[] It’s also very dangerous to the fetus during pregnancy. In the current outbreak, there was one reported infection in a pregnant woman who successfully recovered and maintained the pregnancy.[]
Keeping your patients safe
The offending products have been pulled from the market, but as history shows, another Listeria outbreak could be right around the corner.
Teaching your patients (particularly those in high-risk groups) to identify the symptoms of listeriosis can trigger them to seek medical attention promptly. Severe cases may require antibiotics.[]
A basic understanding of food safety principles is critical, as Listeria contamination isn’t limited to just one type of food.[] Past outbreaks have come from a wide range of products, including:
Fruits and vegetables
Processed meats
Raw (unpasteurized) dairy products
Smoked fish and seafood
Undercooked poultry
It’s important to maintain clean hands and a clean kitchen by regularly sanitizing the refrigerator, cutting boards, counters, and utensils.[] Fresh produce must always be washed thoroughly under running water before it’s cut. Using a meat thermometer can help ensure proper cooking temperatures in meat and cooked dishes. Pregnant women should always be advised to steer clear of unpasteurized dairy. Heat kills Listeria, so precautions like steaming cold cuts in the microwave before eating can reduce the risk of listeriosis.
What this means for you
This Listeria outbreak is the third one this year, and the number of people affected is likely higher than documented and reported. Clinicians can equip their patients with the knowledge of how to prevent foodborne illness, recognize its symptoms, and get help when needed. You can also help raise awareness by posting food recall alerts in patient waiting rooms.